高效液相色谱法测定青贮饲料桑中的乳酸、乙酸和丙酸含量条件探讨

本文应用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对青贮饲料桑中的乳酸、乙酸和丙酸含量测定进行了研究。通过对色谱柱、流动相、流速及样品处理条件进行优化，建立了一种应用HPLC法同时测定青贮饲料桑中乳酸、乙酸和丙酸含量的方法。研究结果表明：乳酸、乙酸和丙酸在一定浓度下具有良好的线性关系，且相关系数R2均大于0.999，加标回收率为98.35% ~ 104.24%，标准品中回收率和精密度试验相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.01%~0.58%，表明该方法准确性较好。3种物质检出限为4.928 ~ 9.489 mg/L，适用于青贮饲料桑中有机酸的定量检测。 [关键词] 高效液相色谱（HPLC）|青贮饲料桑|乳酸|乙酸|丙酸     

超声提取-离子色谱法测定芹菜中氯量

研究了超声提取-离子色谱法测定芹菜中氯含量的方法。芹菜经超声提取20 min后,以浓度4.5 mmol/L Na₂CO₃和0.8 mmol/L NaHCO₃为淋洗液,经IonPacAG23分离测定。本方法具有快速、灵敏、准确度高,适合于芹菜中氯量的测定。     

晋中盆地典型耕地厚度、土壤养分空间变异

旨在探究旱作区耕地土壤耕层厚度及土壤养分空间格局与变异规律。以晋中盆地典型耕地土壤为研究对象,运用地统计学方法对耕地耕层厚度及土壤养分的空间变异进行分析,土壤养分选取有机质、pH、有效磷、缓效钾4个指标。结果表明：（1）各个指标的空间自相关性都是随着距离的增加而减小;（2）有效磷的半变异函数最优模型为高斯模型,其他指标的最优模型均为指数模型。各指标的块金系数由大到小依次为：有机质>有效磷>pH>耕层厚度>缓效钾;（3）耕层厚度、有效磷均为西北高东南低的空间格局,缓效钾为东北高西南低,有机质为西南高东北低,pH除北洸乡偏低外均偏高。地统计方法能良好地描述土壤性质的空间分布和变异特征,各土壤性质的空间变异过程中随机性与结构性并存,并且随机性均小于50%。     

采伐干扰下次生林灌木层主要树种的生态位动态

为探讨采伐干扰下的灌木层主要树种的生态适应性,用Levins、Schoener和Pianka等生态位测度公式定量分析闽北天然次生林采伐后灌木层主要树种生态位动态。结果表明:样地中黄绒润楠和刺毛杜鹃的生态位最大,属优势树种;甜槠、石栎和映山红为衰退树种,在林分生产作业中需加以保护。采伐干扰促进了灌木层主要树种的生态位释放,各树种的生态位宽度在伐后10~15 a达到峰值,随后下降,伐后20 a接近于未采伐林的生态位;各树种弱度和中度择伐的生态位宽度值约占其生态位宽度总值的50%。生态位重叠值在伐后10 a最大,随后下降,到伐后20 a趋于稳定状态。因此灌木层主要树种生态位的最优期为伐后10~15 a,最佳采伐干扰强度为弱度和中度择伐。     

Polymerisation of gluten proteins in developing wheat grain as affected by desiccation

The breadmaking quality of wheat is affected by the composition of gluten proteins and the polymerisation of subunits that are synthesised and accumulated in developing wheat grain. The biological mechanisms and time course of these events during grain development are documented, but not widely confirmed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to monitor the accumulation of gluten protein subunits and the size distribution of protein aggregates during grain development. The effect of desiccation on the polymerisation of gluten proteins and the functional properties of gluten were also studied. The results showed that the size of glutenin polymers remained consistently low until yellow ripeness (YR), while it increased during grain desiccation after YR. Hence, this polymerisation process was presumed to be initiated by desiccation. A similar polymerisation event was also observed when premature grains were dried artificially. The composition of gluten proteins, the ratios of glutenin to gliadin and high molecular weight-glutenin subunits to low molecular weight-glutenin subunits, in premature grain after artificial desiccation showed close association with the size of glutenin polymers in artificially dried grain. Functional properties of gluten in these samples were also associated with polymer size after artificial desiccation.     

Disulphide structure of high-molecular-weight (HMW-) gliadins as affected by terminators

This study aimed at elucidating SS-bonds of HMW-gliadins (HGL) from wheat with the focus on terminators of glutenin polymerisation. HGL from wheat flour extracts non-treated or treated with the S-alkylation reagent N-ethylmaleinimide (NEMI) were compared. HGL from wheat flour Akteur were isolated, hydrolysed with thermolysin and the resulting peptides pre-separated by gel permeation chromatography and analysed by liquid chromatography/mass-spectrometry using alternating electron transfer dissociation/collision-induced dissociation. Altogether, 22 and 28 SS-peptides from samples without and with NEMI treatment, respectively, were identified. Twenty-six peptides included standard SS-bonds of α- and γ-gliadins, high-molecular-weight and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits. Eleven SS-bonds were identified for the first time. Fifteen peptides unique to HGL contained cysteine residues from gliadins with an odd number of cysteines (ω5-, α- and γ-gliadins). Thus, gliadins with an odd number of cysteines, glutathione and cysteine had acted as terminators of glutenin polymerisation. Decisive differences between samples without and with NEMI treatment were not obvious showing that the termination of polymerisation was already completed in the flour. The two HGL samples, however, were different in the majority of ten peptides that included disulphide-linked low-molecular-weight (LMW) thiols such as glutathione and cysteine with the former being enriched in the non-treated HGL-sample.     

天山云杉林冠层结构对草本物种多样性的影响

为研究天山云杉林冠层特征与林下草本物种多样性的相互关系，以新疆天格尔森林公园天山云杉林的4个龄级的林分（幼林龄、中林龄、近熟林、成熟林）为研究对象，以冠层分析仪获得的冠层结构特征和林下光环境指数等野外实际调查数据为依据，通过计算 α 多样性指数分析4个龄级的草本物种多样性，利用多元统计方法研究冠层结构对草本多样性的影响。结果表明，各个指标在不同龄级间均有一定的差异，且随着林分的生长和更新，天山云杉林呈现林冠开度逐渐减小、叶面积指数增大、林下光辐射均减弱、物种多样性指数均减小的趋势；典型模型表明林冠开度对冠层结构起到主要作用（呈极显著正相关P<0.01），叶面积指数次之（呈极显著负相关P<0.01）；在林下辐射中，林下总辐射对林内光环境起主要作用；相比冠层结构，林下光照对草本层物种多样性的作用更大，其中林冠开度和丰富度指数之间呈显著正相关，林下总辐射、林下直射辐射和多样性指数、均匀度指数之间均呈显著正相关。     

茶红素分离及稳定性研究

采用茶汤有机试剂萃取分离,并分别经过反相C_(18)柱层析纯化,制备出乙酸乙酯层、正丁醇层和酸性正丁醇层三部分茶红素。根据紫外可见光波扫描计算出色价,并研究了茶红素在不同条件下的稳定性。结果表明,30%、50%和70%甲醇梯度洗脱,纯化后3类茶红素液相检测发现无咖啡碱和茶黄素,仅有少量儿茶素杂质。纯化后色素色价分别为乙酸乙酯层128.04,正丁醇层91.04,酸性正丁醇层76.16。遮光处理,p H=3酸性条件,45℃以下贮藏,有利于茶红素的稳定性。     

农产品中农药残留检测技术研究进展

通过综述农产品农药残留现状及检测技术研究进展,分析比较有关农产品农药残留的国内外标准,指出我国农药残留标准存在的一些问题,并对有关检测技术提出建议。     

鳖甲胶原蛋白酶解物的分离纯化及体外抗氧化性研究

为建立中华鳖背甲中胶原蛋白酶解物(CH)的制备条件,并明确其体外抗氧化活性,本研究采用单因素试验探讨鳖甲胶原蛋白酶解物的分离条件。结果表明,其最佳提取工艺参数:胃蛋白酶添加量 4 000 U·g^-1、pH值2.5、酶解温度35℃。通过透析纯化后获得体外抗氧化活性最好的组分为分子量<50 kDa的样品。该样品经Sephadex G-75凝胶色谱分离纯化得到2个组分,其中GP-2组分对O2-·、OH·和DPPH·3种自由基清除能力最强;之后对GP-2组分进行离子交换层析分离同样获得2个组分,其中P1组分体外抗氧化活性高于GP-2,其对DPPH·、OH·、O2-·清除率分别为81.67%、65.45%和6.78%。经SDS-PAGE电泳确定P1组分的分子量约40 kDa。本研究结果为鳖甲的开发利用及鳖源新型抗氧化物质的研发提供了一定的理论基础。